Map of Hurricane Andrew's Path. This map was chosen to show the specific areas impacted during different phases of the storm. (Duginski).
Hurricane Andrew was one of the most destructive hurricanes in the United States’ history, and is one of the only Category 5 hurricanes that the United States has experienced. On August 14th, 1992, Andrew began as a tropical wave off the coast of Africa, moving west across the Atlantic Ocean (NOAA). As the wave moved through the Atlantic, it passed through a high pressure area which pushed it quickly towards the Cape Verde Islands. Convection and rotation began to occur on August 16th, denoting a change to a tropical depression (Rafferty). The following day, on August 17th, Andrew collided with an easterly vertical wind shear which then caused the tropical depression to become a tropical storm (Rappaport).
Andrew began to creep closer to the coast over the following days from August 17th to August 20th, building up speed and energy. On August 21th, Andrew turned westward and sped up, becoming a hurricane on August 22th. At this point, Hurricane Andrew was a category 4 hurricane. As it developed into a hurricane, it traveled for the Bahamas, passing through them on August 23rd and August 24th. Later on August 24th, Hurricane Andrew hit Florida. While it was categorized as a category 4 hurricane at this time, it was later upgraded to be a category 5 hurricane due to the high wind speeds and damage. The hurricane continued over the southeastern coast, slowing down to a category 3 hurricane as it hit Louisiana. After landfall in Louisiana, the storm disappeared within 24 hours, on August 28th, but provided more than ten inches of rain in some locations (NOAA’s National Weather Service).
Hurricane Andrew was a horrible disaster, which killed 65 people, destroyed more than 63,000 homes, and involved the evacuation of more than 1.1 million people. While it is difficult to contend with forces as destructive as a category 5 hurricane, FEMA took four days to get relief into certain regions (Rafferty). A quicker response very easily could have saved people's lives. However, the large evacuation efforts were largely successful and impressive, as 1.2 million people evacuated. In terms of infrastructure, many buildings were destroyed, but with a hurricane of this magnitude, that is not unexpected. It is shown that many of the masonry buildings and wood modular buildings performed relatively well in the face of this hurricane, but there was significant damage due to debris breaching buildings, as well as internal air pressure being built up within buildings (Federal Insurance Administration). Many structures were destroyed, and in the future, steps could be taken to make more structures from masonry or wooden modular structures due to their performance in the wake of the hurricane. At the time, Hurricane Andrew was the most expensive hurricane in United States history, but now ranks behind several more recent hurricanes. Overall, there is very little that can be done to mitigate the damage of the hurricane besides ensuring that they were buildings of the best quality. While there was little to be done to stop the hurricane, there could have been improvements in disaster management. The evacuation was exceptional, however a four day response time must be improved. There must be explicit plans in place in case of a disaster, even one of this magnitude, in order to save every life possible.
References
Duginski, P. (2019, August 30). Will hurricane dorian follow in Andrew’s devastating footsteps? Los Angeles Times.
https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-08-30/will-hurricane-dorian-follow-in-andrews-devastating-footsteps
Federal Insurance Administration. Building Performance: Hurricane Andrew In Flordia. Federal Emergency Management Agency. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/fia22_complete.pdf
NOAA. (2022, August 22). Hurricane Andrew at 30: A look back from above. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/hurricane-andrew-30-look-back-above
NOAA’s National Weather Service. (2024, August 28). Hurricane Andrew 1992. National Weather Service. https://www.weather.gov/lch/andrew
Rafferty, J. P. (2024, October 9). Hurricane Andrew. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Hurricane-Andrew
Rappaport, E. (1998, December 25). Preliminary report hurricane andrew 16 - 28 August, 1992. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admindistration. https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html
U.S. Department of the Interior. (n.d.). Hurricane Andrew (1992). National Parks Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/hurricane-andrew-1992.htm